Testing Times: Auckland's Mayor, Len Brown, not only faces the certainty of being formally censured by his Council, but will also have to contend with a concerted effort by councillors to pare down the considerable executive powers granted to the "super-city's" leader by its principal political architect, the then Local Government Minister, Rodney Hide.
IS AUCKLAND about to join Toronto? A city with a mayor some would
dearly like to be rid of but cannot sack?
Auckland’s Len Brown may not have smoked crack cocaine or
clean-bowled an elderly councillor in the council chamber, like the rampaging
Toronto Mayor Rob Ford, but he is fast engendering a very similar sort of
cringe factor.
Like Toronto, Auckland is its country’s commercial heart.
Politically, it plays a similarly pivotal role. Who leads a city like Toronto
or Auckland matters. Getting stuck with a laughing-stock mayor would be but
a short step away from becoming a laughing-stock city.
That Auckland could finds itself contemplating
that possibility is due to a peculiar constitutional anomaly.
At the national and regional levels of government in New
Zealand our leaders are chosen from representatives elected by the people. The
prime minister serves at the pleasure of a parliamentary majority. Regional
chairs are similarly answerable to a majority of their fellow councillors.
At the level of our districts, towns and cities,
however, the position of mayor is filled by direct election. It is a very
curious constitutional arrangement, because, with the exception of Auckland
City, the people elected to lead our local bodies are vested with no special
executive powers, do not control their council’s budget and may not even enjoy
the support of a majority of their fellow councillors.
Quite how New Zealand ended up with these popularly elected
but essentially powerless mayors is a bit of a mystery. We certainly didn’t
inherit the practice from our colonial forebears. In the United Kingdom – and
Australia – the mayoral chain goes around the neck of the council’s majority
leader (or his or her nominee).
Certainly, the British and Australian practice makes for a
much more powerful and coherent style of local government. Mayors chosen in
this fashion know, from the very beginning of their terms, that the numbers are
there around the council table to carry forward the plans they announced during
their election campaigns. Majority support also protects them from having the
council’s budget wrested from their control.
Most importantly, if they suddenly start behaving
bizarrely – like smoking crack cocaine – or embark on an orgy of
unauthorised spending, then their fellow councillors can simply bust them back
to the ranks and elect a new mayor.
The new Auckland “super city” was intended to be something
else entirely. Its principal political architect, former local government
minister Rodney Hide, wanted a city that could get things done swiftly and
efficiently. That ruled out the parliamentary model of the UK and Australia
which, being dominated by local political parties, was prone to pork-barrelling
and horse-trading. Not being a conspicuous fan of either pork-barrelling or
horse-trading, Hide opted instead for a lean, mean governance machine presided
over by a mayor equipped with unprecedented executive powers.
No doubt the sort of figure Hide had in mind as the first
mayor of his new super-city was a charismatic business tycoon; someone who
could transform the Office of the Mayor into the workplace of a tough-minded,
no-nonsense political CEO.
But that was not what he got.
Auckland’s first “super mayor” turned out to be a rather
daffy family lawyer from South Auckland. A great emoter and prone to random
outbursts of song, Mayor Len Brown did not, in my view, appear to be either
tough-minded or no-nonsense. He was, however, possessed of a keen legal mind
and very quickly appreciated the possibilities inherent in the “executive
mayoralty” Hide had bequeathed him.
Using the super mayor’s budgetary independence and patronage
powers, Brown very rapidly constructed what I believe was a well-nigh
impregnable political position within the governance structures of Auckland
City. So much so that he could, without the slightest trace of irony, instruct
his councillors to “leave their politics at the [council chamber] door”.
One of the greatest dangers confronting politicians who,
like Brown, have been successful in protecting themselves from just about every
kind of political attack, is to mistake impregnability for invulnerability.
Those who believe themselves safe from their enemies’ attacks are all-too-often un-done by
their own personal weaknesses.
So it proved with Toronto’s Rob Ford, and, in a very
different way, I believe Auckland’s Len Brown has suffered the same fate.
In both cases, it is their council and their city that is
being forced to pay the price.
So eager was Hide to set up his new and streamlined
governance structure for the super-sized Auckland City that he neglected to
include in its constitutional design any mechanisms for bringing a wayward
super mayor to heel.
Even the president of the United States is subject to
impeachment. But, short of being convicted of a serious crime, adjudged a
bankrupt or declared insane, the mayors of Toronto and Auckland are effectively
unsackable.
A bad mayor could, potentially, do a lot of damage in three
years. The people of Toronto and Auckland deserve better mechanisms for
keeping their elected Mayors on the straight and narrow.
This essay was originally
published in The Press of Tuesday, 17
December 2013.
